CTI Analysis:CVE-2025 0411

English

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-0411 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in the widely used 7-Zip archiving tool. The flaw lies in how 7-Zip processes specially crafted .7z files, which can lead to arbitrary code execution or denial of service. Initially disclosed by Trend Micro’s Zero Day Initiative (ZDI-25-045), the vulnerability poses a serious threat due to 7-Zip’s extensive use across consumer and enterprise environments. While no active exploitation has been reported at the time of writing, the availability of public proof-of-concept code increases the likelihood of weaponization.

Impacted Technologies

All versions of 7-Zip prior to 24.01 are affected. The software is commonly used across Windows and Linux environments, both on endpoints and servers. The vulnerability stems from a memory corruption issue triggered during archive validation. Systems that rely on automated processing of .7z files—such as in scripting environments or backend services—are especially at risk of silent compromise.

Risk Level

CVE-2025-0411 presents a high level of risk, particularly in environments where 7-Zip is integrated into automated workflows. Successful exploitation may lead to system compromise, malware deployment, or data exfiltration. Since 7-Zip is often bundled with other applications, the vulnerability may also have cascading impacts across dependent systems.

Exploit Details:

  1. Crafted Archive File: An attacker creates a specially crafted .7z file designed to exploit memory handling weaknesses in 7-Zip.
  2. Triggering the Exploit: When the malicious archive is opened in a vulnerable version of 7-Zip, it causes a crash or arbitrary code execution under the current user’s permissions.
  3. Post-Exploitation: If successful, the attacker can install malware, exfiltrate data, or move laterally within the compromised environment.

Mitigation:

  1. Update to the Latest Version: Immediately upgrade to 7-Zip version 24.01, which contains the fix.
  2. File Origin Filtering: Avoid opening .7z files from untrusted or unknown sources.
  3. Process Isolation: Run 7-Zip in sandboxed environments or containers to limit post-exploitation damage.
  4. Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR): Use EDR tools to detect anomalies such as repeated 7-Zip crashes or suspicious code execution.
  5. Dependency Auditing: Check whether other tools embed 7-Zip and ensure those components are updated as well.

Useful Links

  1. NVD - CVE-2025-0411
  2. Openwall Security List Disclosure
  3. NetApp Security Advisory
  4. Vicarius: Mitigation Guide
  5. Vicarius: Detection Guide
  6. ZDI Advisory - ZDI-25-045

Italiano

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-0411 is a high-severity vulnerability discovered in the popular file archiving utility 7-Zip. The flaw resides in the way 7-Zip handles specially crafted .7z files, leading to potential code execution or denial-of-service conditions when malicious archives are opened. Initially disclosed by Trend Micro’s Zero Day Initiative (ZDI-25-045), the vulnerability has raised concerns due to the wide adoption of 7-Zip across both personal and enterprise systems. Although no active exploitation has been observed in the wild as of this writing, the public availability of proof-of-concept code significantly increases the risk of future attacks.

Tecnologie Coinvolte

Il problema interessa tutte le versioni di 7-Zip precedenti alla 24.01. Il software è utilizzato diffusamente su sistemi Windows e Linux, sia in ambienti desktop che server. La vulnerabilità è causata da un errore nei controlli di integrità dei file .7z, che permette a un attaccante di sfruttare condizioni di memoria corrotte per eseguire codice arbitrario. Le applicazioni e gli script che automatizzano l’apertura di archivi .7z risultano particolarmente a rischio, poiché possono processare file malevoli senza l’interazione dell’utente.

Livello di Rischio

Il rischio associato alla CVE-2025-0411 è elevato, specialmente in contesti dove 7-Zip è utilizzato per automatizzare operazioni su file compressi. L’esecuzione arbitraria di codice può portare a compromissioni di sistema, distribuzione di malware e furto di dati. Inoltre, poiché 7-Zip è spesso usato come componente all’interno di altri software, l’impatto potrebbe estendersi a catena su molteplici sistemi.

Exploit nel dettaglio:

  1. Creazione di Archivi Malevoli: L’attaccante genera un file .7z manipolato per sfruttare una debolezza nella gestione della memoria da parte di 7-Zip.
  2. Esecuzione dell’Exploit: Quando il file viene aperto con una versione vulnerabile di 7-Zip, l’applicazione va in crash o esegue codice arbitrario nel contesto dell’utente corrente.
  3. Post-Exploitation: Se l’exploit ha successo, un attaccante può installare malware, esfiltrare dati o espandere il proprio accesso all’interno del sistema.

Misure di Mitigazione:

  1. Aggiornamento del Software: Passare immediatamente alla versione 24.01 di 7-Zip, che risolve la vulnerabilità.
  2. Controlli di File Input: Evitare l’apertura di file .7z provenienti da fonti sconosciute o non fidate.
  3. Isolamento dei Processi: Eseguire 7-Zip in ambienti sandbox o contenitori per limitare i danni in caso di exploit.
  4. Monitoraggio EDR: Configurare soluzioni di Endpoint Detection and Response per rilevare comportamenti anomali, come crash ripetuti di 7-Zip o tentativi di esecuzione di codice sconosciuto.
  5. Controllo delle Dipendenze: Verificare se altri strumenti utilizzano 7-Zip come libreria o modulo, aggiornandoli di conseguenza.

Link Utili

  1. NVD - CVE-2025-0411
  2. Openwall Advisory
  3. NetApp Security Advisory
  4. Vicarius: CVE-2025-0411 Mitigation
  5. Vicarius: CVE-2025-0411 Detection
  6. ZDI Advisory - ZDI-25-045